The most difficult thing about the Christian concept of
the Trinity is that there is no way to perfectly and completely understand it.
The Trinity is a concept that is impossible for any human being to fully
understand, let alone explain. God is infinitely greater than we are;
therefore, we should not expect to be able to fully understand Him. The Bible
teaches that the Father is God, that Jesus is God, and that the Holy Spirit is
God. The Bible also teaches that there is only one God. Though we can understand
some facts about the relationship of the different Persons of the Trinity to
one another, ultimately, it is incomprehensible to the human mind. However,
this does not mean the Trinity is not true or that it is not based on the
teachings of the Bible.
The Trinity is one God existing in three Persons.
Understand that this is not in any way suggesting three Gods. Keep in mind when
studying this subject that the word “Trinity” is not found in Scripture. This
is a term that is used to attempt to describe the triune God—three coexistent,
co-eternal Persons who are God. Of real importance is that the concept
represented by the word “Trinity” does exist in Scripture. The following is
what God’s Word says about the Trinity:
1) There is one God (Deuteronomy 6:4; 1 Corinthians 8:4;
Galatians 3:20; 1 Timothy 2:5).
2) The Trinity consists of three Persons (Genesis 1:1,
26; 3:22; 11:7; Isaiah 6:8, 48:16, 61:1; Matthew 3:16-17, 28:19; 2 Corinthians
13:14). In Genesis 1:1, the Hebrew plural noun "Elohim" is used. In
Genesis 1:26, 3:22, 11:7 and Isaiah 6:8, the plural pronoun for “us” is used.
The word "Elohim" and the pronoun “us” are plural forms, definitely
referring in the Hebrew language to more than two. While this is not an
explicit argument for the Trinity, it does denote the aspect of plurality in
God. The Hebrew word for "God," "Elohim," definitely allows
for the Trinity.
In Isaiah 48:16 and 61:1, the Son is speaking while
making reference to the Father and the Holy Spirit. Compare Isaiah 61:1 to Luke
4:14-19 to see that it is the Son speaking. Matthew 3:16-17 describes the event
of Jesus’ baptism. Seen in this passage is God the Holy Spirit descending on
God the Son while God the Father proclaims His pleasure in the Son. Matthew
28:19 and 2 Corinthians 13:14 are other examples of passages that present three
distinct Persons in the Trinity.
3) The members of the Trinity are distinguished one from
another in various passages. In the Old Testament, “LORD” is distinguished from
“Lord” (Genesis 19:24; Hosea 1:4). The LORD has a Son (Psalm 2:7, 12; Proverbs
30:2-4). The Spirit is distinguished from the “LORD” (Numbers 27:18) and from
“God” (Psalm 51:10-12). God the Son is distinguished from God the Father (Psalm
45:6-7; Hebrews 1:8-9). In the New Testament, Jesus speaks to the Father about
sending a Helper, the Holy Spirit (John 14:16-17). This shows that Jesus did
not consider Himself to be the Father or the Holy Spirit. Consider also the
other instances when Jesus speaks to the Father. Was He speaking to Himself?
No. He spoke to another Person in the Trinity—the Father.
4) Each member of the Trinity is God. The Father is God
(John 6:27; Romans 1:7; 1 Peter 1:2). The Son is God (John 1:1, 14; Romans 9:5;
Colossians 2:9; Hebrews 1:8; 1 John 5:20). The Holy Spirit is God (Acts 5:3-4;
1 Corinthians 3:16).
5) There is subordination within the Trinity. Scripture
shows that the Holy Spirit is subordinate to the Father and the Son, and the
Son is subordinate to the Father. This is an internal relationship and does not
deny the deity of any Person of the Trinity. This is simply something our
finite minds cannot understand concerning the infinite God. Concerning the Son
see Luke 22:42, John 5:36, John 20:21, and 1 John 4:14. Concerning the Holy
Spirit see John 14:16, 14:26, 15:26, 16:7, and especially John 16:13-14.
6) The individual members of the Trinity have different
tasks. The Father is the ultimate source or cause of the universe (1
Corinthians 8:6; Revelation 4:11); divine revelation (Revelation 1:1);
salvation (John 3:16-17); and Jesus’ human works (John 5:17; 14:10). The Father
initiates all of these things.
The Son is the agent through whom the Father does the
following works: the creation and maintenance of the universe (1 Corinthians
8:6; John 1:3; Colossians 1:16-17); divine revelation (John 1:1, 16:12-15;
Matthew 11:27; Revelation 1:1); and salvation (2 Corinthians 5:19; Matthew
1:21; John 4:42). The Father does all these things through the Son, who
functions as His agent.
The Holy Spirit is the means by whom the Father does the
following works: creation and maintenance of the universe (Genesis 1:2; Job
26:13; Psalm 104:30); divine revelation (John 16:12-15; Ephesians 3:5; 2 Peter
1:21); salvation (John 3:6; Titus 3:5; 1 Peter 1:2); and Jesus’ works (Isaiah
61:1; Acts 10:38). Thus, the Father does all these things by the power of the
Holy Spirit.
There have been many attempts to develop illustrations
of the Trinity. However, none of the popular illustrations are completely
accurate. The egg (or apple) fails in that the shell, white, and yolk are parts
of the egg, not the egg in themselves, just as the skin, flesh, and seeds of
the apple are parts of it, not the apple itself. The Father, Son, and Holy
Spirit are not parts of God; each of them is God. The water illustration is
somewhat better, but it still fails to adequately describe the Trinity. Liquid,
vapor, and ice are forms of water. The Father, Son, and Holy Spirit are not
forms of God, each of them is God. So, while these illustrations may give us a
picture of the Trinity, the picture is not entirely accurate. An infinite God
cannot be fully described by a finite illustration.
The doctrine of the Trinity has been a divisive issue
throughout the entire history of the Christian church. While the core aspects
of the Trinity are clearly presented in God’s Word, some of the side issues are
not as explicitly clear. The Father is God, the Son is God, and the Holy Spirit
is God—but there is only one God. That is the biblical doctrine of the Trinity.
Beyond that, the issues are, to a certain extent, debatable and non-essential.
Rather than attempting to fully define the Trinity with our finite human minds,
we would be better served by focusing on God’s greatness and His infinitely
higher nature. “Oh, the depth of the riches of the wisdom and knowledge of God!
How unsearchable his judgments, and his paths beyond tracing out! Who has known
the mind of the Lord? Or who has been his counselor?” (Romans 11:33-34).